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VOGT-KOYANAGI-HARADA-LIKE SYNDROME IN DOGS
(a.k.a. Uveodermatological Syndrome)
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome (VKH Syndrome) is an autoimmune disease in humans
where ones own defense against infection, the T-cells, attack the
melanin-forming cells (melanocytes) in the body. Melanin is what gives color, or
pigment, to our hair, skin and parts of our eyes. Since we don't yet understand
how this occurs in dogs, it is most often called VKH-Like Syndrome, or given an
altogether different name, Uveodermatological Syndrome (UDS).
The first symptoms occur in the eyes of the dog. A condition called Uveitis, or
inflammation of the eye. This inflammation is very painful due to pressure and
bulging of the eye. Very bloodshot-looking eyes sometimes can be seen. It may
eventually cause partial blindness or total blindness in most dogs, but not all.
This happens as a result of the retina becoming detached, or other eye
complications developing such as cataracts or glaucoma. If caught early enough,
the eyes can be treated with proper medication and blindness may be prevented.
The next symptom to appear is the whitening of the hair or coat. In the case
below, you can see where a Shiloh Shepherd who was once entirely black, aside
from his paws, has turned almost completely snow white.
Here is Cole, of Ridgewood Shilohs, approximately 2 yrs. old, with his owner
Chirsti Yonavick, before the development of VKH-Syndrome. Below is a picture of
Cole by the age of 4 years.
Above you can see how some of the black
pigment in his coat still remains in very interesting patterns. He looks so
unique, his owner is frequently asked where to get a dog like Cole.
Here you can see the cloudiness in his eyes, the beginnings of the inflamed eye
disease called uveitis. Cole still can see, but the future may hold restricted
sight for him, or even total blindness.
Even the pigment in his black nose is beginning to go little by little, as the
pink areas begin to appear.
It is pigment that also gives the nails a rich black color. Below the photo
shows the once black nails have turned white and translucent.
The next few frames are just some shots of Cole before he contracted the VKH-like
Syndrome and after. The changes are remarkable.
It's hard to believe that this is the same dog.
TREATMENT
There is no cure for VKH-like syndrome, or UDS. It is believed to be a flaw in
the genes. But there are treatments used simply to make the patient more
comfortable and obtain a better quality of life. They are mostly focused on the
eye symptoms since that can result in blindness. The pigment changes, like the
hair turning white, are generally only cosmetic. Steroid drugs are often used as
treatment. Cole is currently taking 10 mg. of Prednisone orally, weekly. This
helps alleviate the pressure in his eyes, thus the pain, and helps keep the
overall condition at bay.
He also uses several types of eye drops:
Steroid
Prednisolone Acetate Ophthalmic Solution 1.0% - as needed for flare-ups.
Regular
Tacrolimus (this is a specially designed mixture made for him at the eye
doctor's office) He takes 1 drop 2X daily.
Flurbiprofen Sodium Ophthalmic Solution 0.03% - one drop 2X daily.
It's easy to see after reading the above prescription for Cole, that his owner
has taken on quite a commitment in order to keep him comfortable and as healthy
as possible. Also, she was a responsible breeder and did not breed Cole since
this syndrome is inherited.
BREEDS MOST COMMONLY EFFECTED BY VKH-Like Syndrome
Akita Inu
Siberian Husky
Samoyed
Old English Sheepdog
Australian Shepherd
Shetland Sheepdog
***Special thanks to Christi Yonavick of Ridgewood Shilohs for the use of her
dog, Cole, in this study.
***Photos courtesy of Christi Yonavick, and from the author of this article.
Written by Laurie Maguire
© Dog Breed Info Center® All Rights Reserved
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